Community-based developments in the Kavango Region
On the occasion of the Launch of four new Communal Area Conservancies and a Community Campsite
23rd February 2006
Hon Minister of Environment & Tourism, Rev Willem Konjore
Hon Members of Parliament
Hon Acting Governor, Hon Councilors
Hon Traditional Leaders and Hompa
OKACOM and OBSC members
Basin Forum members
Conservancy chairpersons, committees and members
Representatives of line ministries and NGOs
Okavango basin guests from Angola and Botswana
Distinguished Guests
Members of the media
Ladies and Gentlemen
First - congratulations to you on the registration and gazettment of your first four conservancies. This is a great day for you in particular, but also for all involved in promoting and supporting sustainable rural development in the Kavango.
At the outset, I wish to draw your attention, Honourable Minister and Distinguished Guests, to three key differences in the development approach used in the Kavango that sets it aside from similar work in other areas:
- The Kavango is part of the Okavango Basin. The development approach is thus to view, manage and market the Kavango as part of a larger entity, to derive the benefits from transboundary cooperation and to share experiences and lessons across the whole basin.
- The developments in Kavango are based on a team approach. There is close planning, strong collaboration and good support from the Regional Council, the Traditional Authorities, line ministries, NGOs and communities in all activities in support of sustainable rural development and social upliftment. This has resulted in a unity of purpose and remarkably fast and effective progress in the Kavango.
- An integrated and holistic approach to resource management and development is being implemented. This means that the support agencies (government extension staff and NGOs) are working together to support the management and development priorities and opportunities of the respective communities and conservancies based on what is most appropriate in each area, not based on the sector-specific mandates of their organisations. This results in the creation of a supportive, efficient and synergistic development approach rather than competition between support organisations.
When I cast my mind back to the start of this process some five years ago, despite the difficult security situation at that time, I realise that we started from day one with the right approach. An inclusive collaboration of Governor, Councilors, Traditional Leaders, line ministry representatives and NGO came together to plan, agree and initiate the project. The first concrete steps were to (a) consolidate existing information, and (b) to carry out a socio-ecological survey, involving the villages and households of the region.
In terms of information, A Preliminary Profile of the Kavango Region of Namibia summarised all the available information from past surveys and studies, and drew on aerial photos and satellite images to make the information as up-to-date as possible in cost effective ways. This preliminary profile led to the production of two remarkable books, Sand and Water: A Profile of the Kavango Region, and Okavango River: The flow of a lifeline, the latter in English and Portuguese, and covering the entire Okavango basin. This publication has as a companion product, a CD with a huge database of all available information on the Okavango basin. In these few years, the Okavango has gone from a river and region with little available information to one of the best documented river basins in Africa and the world, and the information is readily accessible.
The results of the socio-ecological survey provided information on socio-economic and natural resource pressures and opportunities, and on where the people of the basin wished to see the project provide support. The overriding concerns were around issues of resource rights and tenure, economic empowerment and development, improved natural resource management, diversification of livelihoods, institutional strengthening, skills and capacity-building and poverty reduction. The developments that followed were all based on these results from the survey.
The Okavango River is the single most important feature in the Kavango. It is one of Namibia's few perennial systems, it is the focus of human settlement, the most biologically diverse part of the region and country, a wildlife haven, a tourism attraction and a strategic asset. That is why OKACOM, the Permanent Okavango River Basin Commission was established by the three basin states, to advise the respective governments on its management and development. Yet this Commission cannot be effective if it works at the international level without a strong link to the people living in the basin. As a result, a Kavango Basin Forum was established, to represent the residents of the basin. Each of the five traditional authority's regions nominated two representatives to serve on the Forum. The Forum members liaise not only with OKACOM, but also with other Forum members from Angola and Botswana, thereby creating both horizontal and vertical communications networks.
The most important issues in the basin are those concerning the improvement of people's livelihoods and quality of life. If people are not in a position to look after themselves properly, they will not be in a position to look after their resources and to manage these resources sustainably. Conservancies are nothing more than local institutions in which communities organise themselves to manage resources wisely for their socio-economic benefit, and thereby to promote local development, reduce poverty and improve their quality of life.
To help them achieve their goals, the four registered conservancies have all undertaken Visioning & Planning exercises, using an integrated, multi-disciplinary and multi-sector approach that involved the Regional Council, Traditional Authorities, line ministries and the Namibia Nature Foundation in a collaborative approach. The products of this work are:
- A conservancy vision
- An assessment of the assets of each conservancy (natural resources, human & cultural resources, location, etc.)
- The various enterprise options, and their relative advantages
- The institutional aspects that need to be addressed to (a) manage the priority assets, (b) develop the priority enterprises and (c) manage and develop the institutional components of the conservancy (including HIV/Aids and other health issues).
- A work plan for each conservancy, focusing on the most important "next steps" under each of the above categories.
All of the above are captured into one poster per conservancy, in English and local language. The methodology to achieve the above has been streamlined to be highly cost and time efficient, inclusive and to facilitate a "rolling planning" approach.
All the conservancies have developed land-use zonation plans, with the support of the Ministry of Land & Resettlement, and these exercises have been implemented as a combination of "training" and "product".
The implementation of the work plans has been designed to draw in the extension staff of the various Ministries for the relevant sectors. The ERP/NNF staff members are thus more facilitators than implementers, with line ministries providing much of the extension and development support. This approach is working extremely well, partly because of the close relationship in the Kavango between Regional Council, line ministries and the NNF/ERP (Every River has its People project).
The following highlights some of the achievements over the past few years:
A. Tourism:
- A regional workshop was held in Rundu towards the end of 2005 to develop a Kavango Tourism strategy. The workshop took place under the auspices of the Kavango Regional Council, and was officiated by the Governor. This workshop was also attended by the CEO of the Namibia Tourism Board, Mr Gideon Shilongo. The workshop developed a Tourism Vision and Action Plan for the region.
- A Kavango Tourism Forum has been established, to drive the action plan. This Forum also operates under the auspices of the Regional Council, with support from the Every River Project/NNF, and is a partnership between Regional Government, private sector and conservancies.
- One of the issues identified for enhanced tourism in the Kavango region is that of developing and aggressively marketing a "Kavango Tourism Route" [pdf 166kb]. For this we have partnered with "Open Africa". It is anticipated that route will be launched by mid year 2006.
- A community camp site, the Mbamba camp, has been completed at the Joseph Mbambangandu Conservancy. This is a really good quality camp that focuses not on wildlife, but on people, cultures and community. Thus there is traditional dancing, crafts, rides on the oxbow lake in traditional dug-outs, guided visits to the local village, guided walks, etc.
- The MET has indicated that they would consider an application from the two conservancies immediately north of Khaudum, the George Mukoya and Muduva Nyangana conservancies, to obtain concessions for the running of the two Khaudum campsites. Consultations have been facilitated between the traditional leaders and the conservancies on a benefit sharing arrangement, and these have now been satisfactorily concluded. The camps will need to be essentially rebuilt. Joint venture options between the conservancies and private sector are presently being investigated.
- Training courses on "conservancies and business enterprises" and related topics have been carried out in all the Kavango conservancies.
B. Craft:
![]() |
- A focused basin-wide (Angola, Namibia and Botswana) craft programme has been implemented in the region, working out of the Kavango. Craft groups have been established and supported in all five traditional authority areas of the Kavango. A craft purchasing mechanism - Mpande Craft - has been established, to support mainly the emerging craft producers, while the master craft is marketed mainly through Mud Hut Trading.
- In the past 18 months craft producers (mainly women) have earned about N$180,000 from craft sales, and this figure is expected to exceed N$250,000 for the 2006 year.
- A basin-wide Okavango craft exhibition was held in Windhoek at the end of 2005. A similar exhibition will be held in Gaborone towards the end of the first quarter of 2006. This process aims to "brand" the basin-wide diversity of Okavango craft. Craft exhibitions overseas are planned for towards the end of 2006.
- A multiple purpose craft / info / tourism marketing centre / sme centre is planned for Rundu, with a smaller craft stall for Divundu.
- A "Best Practice" manual on craft development in the Kavango (but with wide application to SADC) was completed and launched at the above mentioned Okavango Craft Exhibition.
- An HIV/Aids initiative is fully integrated into the Craft programme, as well as into other components of the ERP. The Best Practice manual contains a section on the "Ten Commandments on HIV/Aids", and the craft programme also addresses other aspects of health, including water-borne diseases, malaria, nutrition, etc.
C. Wildlife:
- The following work on wildlife is done in close partnership with the Parks & Wildlife staff of MET. Trophy hunting quotas have been requested by the George Mukoya and Muduva Nyangana conservancies. These are currently very conservative. As info and wildlife numbers increase, so will they be adjusted.
- A proposal has been prepared for the development of wildlife water points in the above two conservancies in their "exclusive wildlife zones" which border onto the Khaudum Park. Once these water points are in place, the MET will be approached for wildlife introductions - mainly common species such as oryx, wildebeest and kudu, which will do well in that area.
- An application by the Joseph Mbambangandu Conservancy for the introduction of 20 Common Impala to their "wildlife and tourism zone" along the river has been submitted to MET.
D. Agriculture:
- A minimum tillage conservation cropping initiative is being tested in two conservancies in the Kavango. This aims to (a) improve yields, and (b) reduce the slash-and-burn practices that are leading to serious deforestation.
- Chili peppers are being planted in two conservancies for (a) cash income, and (b) to develop Chili bombs to prevent elephant damage to crops.
E. Forestry:
- Close working relationships are being developed between conservancy and community forest initiatives. A joint project is being planned, with conservancy and community-forest having exactly the same boundaries and using one community committee.
F. Fisheries:
- The viability of a fish farm in the Joseph Mbambangandu Conservancy is currently being investigated, and proposals have been submitted (in partnership with the Ministry of Fisheries) to expand aquaculture into the riparian conservancies.
- A mini fish pond was established at the Maria Mwengere Secondary School as an awareness and pilot initiative, with the first harvesting expected in March 2006.
G. Crocodiles:
- A population survey of crocodiles was carried out (with MET and private sector lodges) in the north east of Namibia. The results (from the lower Okavango in Namibia and rivers in Caprivi) were a total of some 11,500 crocodiles, with about 2,200 larger than 2 m in length. This information was used at CITES to down list Namibia crocodile population from Appendix I to Appendix II. This now allows for more useful management approaches through trophy hunting, ranching and farming, harvesting animals from the wild, sales of skins, etc.
- Building on the above, a three year crocodile project has been initiated in the NE, covering the Kavango and Caprivi rivers. The project aims to (a) improve the quality of information on crocodile population status and dynamics and at the same time develop a simple but reliable monitoring system as a module within the Event Book, (b) look at ways of reducing conflict between crocodiles and people, and (c) explore ways of optimising returns from crocodiles through trophy hunting, harvest, ranching, etc.
- The viability of crocodile farming/ranching in the Joseph Mbambangandu Conservancy is currently being investigated.
- A visit by conservancy members to a crocodile farm in Shakawe was undertaken in 2005.
These successes have taken place because of the way that everyone in the Kavango has worked, and continues to work - together, making this region one of the most dynamic for rural development in Namibia.
There are some challenges ahead. I will highlight what are for me the three most important issues at this stage in the development of the Kavango Region:
- The region is in urgent need of a practical land-use plan. There are different options for how each piece of land could be used. We need to ensure that we are making the correct land-use decisions to get the maximum long-term benefit from all the land in the region.
- We have now developed and tested a methodology for delivering community-based development to the region. It works extremely well, and all the key partners are actively involved. We now need to roll this out to more areas, quickly and efficiently.
- The private sector, particularly the tourism lodges in the Kavango, need to come to the party. There are some lodges that are setting a superb example, with scholarship funds for local children, raising funds for local schools and church groups, etc. However, there are many others that are not contributing adequately and have not yet entered into meaningful benefit-sharing schemes with the communities and conservancies from who's land they are operating.
In conclusion, I congratulate you all on your achievements to date, and wish you all success in the future. We from the Namibia Nature Foundation and the "Every River has it's People" project, will do all we can to support your efforts.
Thank you.

