Summary of Budget Requirements for the Buffalo Species Management
(US $)
| Objective |
Management Activity |
Operating Costs |
Capital Costs |
|
| Distribution |
Veterinary controls
|
25,000
|
500,000
|
|
Land
Use Planning |
25,000 |
500,000
|
|
Monitoring
|
2,500
|
|
|
| Habitat |
Fire
control |
35,000 |
100,000 |
|
Monitoring
|
500
|
|
|
Game Water Supplies
|
15,000
|
150,000
|
|
Monitoring
|
10,000
|
|
|
Elephants
|
10,000
|
|
|
| Abundance |
Illegal
hunting - parks |
90,000 |
300,000 |
|
Illegal
hunting - Conservancies
|
10,000
|
|
|
Air surveys
|
11,625
|
|
|
Disease prevention
|
10,000
|
|
|
| |
TOTALS
|
244,625 |
1,550,000 |
| Full costs for
State Protected Areas included, the additional amounts
required are |
810,000 |
2,700,000 |
| |
TOTALS
|
1,054,625 |
4,250,000 |
The amounts allocated to containing illegal hunting in State
Protected Areas are a contribution only - which has arbitrarily
been set at 10% of the full amount required. The full
requirement is US$900,000 for annual operating costs and
US$3 million in capital investment.
Veterinary controls
The requirement here is for liaison, coordination and collaboration
both with the Namibian Directorate of Veterinary Services
and the Botswana Department of Animal Health and Production.
A small annual budget to cover costs of travel, holding meetings,
undertaking site visits and map preparation is provided.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$25,000
|
Arising out of the joint planning process with the veterinary
authorities may come a requirement for removal of fences, modification
of existing fences or construction of new fences. Usually, it
is assumed that these costs will be borne by the veterinary
authorities. However, the achievement of the objectives may
be more likely if there is a capital amount provided within
the wildlife budget to contribute to the developmental costs.
It is difficult in advance to predict what the requirements
may be so that the lump sum below is a notional amount which,
if used for the construction of new buffalo proof fencing at
a cost of US$1/metre, would provide for 500km of fencing.
|
Capital provision
|
US$500,000
|
Disease Prevention
The aim is primarily to prevent buffalo from contracting
diseases which might impair the desired population growth.
A small provision is made here for any management measures
which contribute to this objective (e.g. cattle fencing) and
any clinical tests which might be necessary for diagnostic
purposes.
|
Recurrent expenditure (rounded)
|
US$10,000
|
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Land Use Planning
As with the previous item, a small budget is needed for liaison,
coordination and collaboration with land use planning authorities
in the Caprivi.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$25,000
|
Associated with the land use planning component is requirement
to monitor the available buffalo range, the extent of human
settlement and land cleared for agriculture. This can be done
with the acquisition of 2 satellite IMAGES annually at an approximate
cost of US$750 each. A further provision for data capture entailing
one person's time for two weeks/year (US$1,000) has been added.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$2,500
|
Should it arise out of the planning
process that there is a need for relocation of existing settlements,
compensation for affected families or development of new infrastructure
to facilitate land reorganisation, it would be as well to have
a capital provision available to meet such costs. As with the
provision for veterinary controls, the amount provided is notional.
|
Capital provision
|
US$500,000
|
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Fire control
|
Maintenance of 500km of firebreaks using
a grader capable of clearing 2km/hour at an operating
cost of US$100/hour
|
US$25,000
|
| Casual labour for fire-fighting, transport
and firebeaters |
US$10,000
|
| Recurrent expenditure |
US$35,000
|
Monitoring the annual incidence of fire can be done using the
same satellite IMAGES acquired for land use monitoring. A provision
is needed for data capture entailing one person's time for one
week/year (US$500)
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$500
|
Initial preparation of 500km firebreaks
using a bulldozer capable of clearing 1km/hour at an operating
cost of US$200/hour
|
Capital provision
|
US$100,000
|
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Water Supplies
Annual maintenance costs on 5 solar-driven pumps in the Western
Caprivi including transport and spares.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$15,000
|
Monitoring the use of the water points by buffalo and other
species may be best done by a specific research project carried
out over 5 years. The project should contain provisions for
radio-tracking equipment, transport, a contribution towards
air surveys and a research stipend.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$10,000
|
Capital costs of drilling (or re-drilling) 5 boreholes, purchase
of 5 solar panels and pumps, and construction of drinking pans
@ US$30,000 per installation -
|
Capital provision
|
US$150,000
|
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Elephants
A contingency is provided assuming that some active or passive
research will be carried out to investigate the hypothesis
of competition
between buffalo and elephants.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$10,000
|
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Air Surveys
There is an overall requirement for monitoring the buffalo
population size. The limitations
of air survey methods have been pointed out and there
is a need to develop improved techniques in order to produce
any meaningful estimates.
A provision is made here for a standard air survey coupled
with the use of a
second aircraft with the specific task of spotting and photographing
large buffalo herds. This experimental survey would be
carried out at the inception of the programme and repeated
every two years thereafter if the technique proves adequate.
At a sampling intensity of 15%, 1,500km2 would require to
be surveyed out of the total range of 10,000km2. At a cost
of US$7.75/km2 actually surveyed, the total cost would be
US$11,625. Doubling this to provide for the second
aircraft gives a survey cost of US$23,250 and halving the
cost because the surveys are only to be done every two years
brings the annual cost back to US$11,625. The cost includes
the analysis of data and reporting.
|
Recurrent expenditure (rounded)
|
US$11,625
|
|
