|
Budget Requirements for the Roan, Sable and Tsessebe Species
Management Plan
| ECOLOGICAL OBJECTIVE |
Operating Costs
|
Capital Costs
|
|
| STRATEGY |
|
|
| Habitat assessment |
5,000
|
|
| Land use planning |
10,000
|
200,000
|
| Monitoring land use planning
|
5,000
|
|
| Management institutions |
25,000
|
|
| Water supplies |
15,000
|
150,000
|
| Monitoring water supplies |
10,000
|
|
|
| MANAGEMENT |
|
|
| Illegal hunting
- State protected areas - 10% contribution |
170,000
|
100,000
|
| Illegal hunting - Conservancies
|
20,000
|
|
| Elephant management |
10,000
|
|
| Fire control |
35,000
|
100,000
|
| Monitoring fire |
1,000
|
|
| Veterinary fences
|
0
|
|
| Disease |
10,000
|
|
| Monitoring sport hunting |
1,000
|
|
| Monitoring population numbers
(air surveys) |
39,000
|
|
| Capture and translocation |
30,000
|
|
|
|
TOTALS . . . . . .US$
|
386,000
|
550,000
|
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Habitat Assessment
Habitats will require on-site inspections whenever the possibility
of establishing a new roan, sable or tsessebe population arises.
Habitats of existing populations may also need assessment
from time to time, particularly where elephants have modified
habitats to the extent that they may have become unsuitable
for roan, sable and tsessebe. A small annual budget is provided
to cover the operating costs of a scientific officer to visit
areas, purchase air photographs and prepare reports.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$5,000
|
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Land Use Planning
A small budget is needed for liaison, coordination and collaboration
with land use planning authorities in the potential range
for roan, sable and tsessebe. The amount provided is to cover
costs of travel, holding meetings, undertaking site visits
and map preparation.
|
Recurrent expenditure (rounded)
|
US$10,000
|
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Monitoring land use planning
Associated with the land use planning component is an ongoing
requirement to monitor the available range for roan, sable
and tsessebe, the extent of human settlement and land cleared
for agriculture. This can be done with the acquisition of
4 satellite IMAGES annually at an approximate cost of US$750
each. A further provision for data capture and mapping entailing
one person's time for 3 weeks/year (US$2,000) has been added.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$5,000
|
Should it arise out of the planning process that there is
a need for relocation of existing settlements, compensation
for affected families or development of new infrastructure
to facilitate land reorganisation, it would be as well to
have a capital provision available to meet such costs. The
amount provided is notional.
|
Capital provision
|
US$200,000
|
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Management Institutions
This provision is to assist with the development of conservancies
in the potential range for roan, sable and tsessebe. Significant
funding is available in Namibia for the development of conservancies
but the requirements of this Management Plan may not coincide
exactly with the established work schedules of the agencies
presently assisting communities to develop conservancies.
This funding is intended to be catalytic and to enable a rapid
focus to be brought onto the establishment of any particular
conservancy where it coincides with the aims of the Management
Plan.
| Recurrent expenditure |
US$25,000
|
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Water Supplies
A provision was made in the Buffalo Management Plan for the
development of 5 game water supplies in the Caprivi Strip
and, as these would contribute to the needs of roan, sable
and tsessebe populations, the provision is not duplicated.
A provision is made for 5 additional water points elsewhere
in the roan, sable and tsessebe range. Capital costs of drilling
(or re-drilling) 5 boreholes, purchase of 5 solar panels and
pumps, and construction of drinking pans @ US$30,000 per installation
-
|
Capital provision
|
US$150,000
|
Annual maintenance costs on 5 solar-driven pumps including transport
and spares.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$15,000
|
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Monitoring the use of the water points by roan, sable and
tsessebe and other species may be best done by a specific
research project carried out over 5 years. The project should
contain provisions for radio-tracking equipment, transport,
a contribution towards air surveys and a research stipend.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$10,000
|
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Illegal hunting
The required manpower and budgets for the State Protected
Areas in the potential range for roan, sable and tsessebe
have been analysed (Analysis 3). It seems reasonable that
a portion of the operating costs for State Protected Areas
should be debited against the roan, sable and tsessebe 'project',
since the objectives of the Species Management Plan demand
a high level of law enforcement. The contribution has been
arbitrarily set at 10%. There is a capital component associated
with this budget which provides for staff housing, office
facilities etc. The required capital for developing a park
of 12,000km2 is about US$8 million. Assuming that most of
the required infrastructure is in place but that the roan,
sable and tsessebe project will result in some additional
requirements (e.g. extra housing, holding bomas, loading ramps),
an arbitrary allocation of US$100,000 has been made.
|
Recurrent expenditure
|
US$170,000
|
| Capital provision |
US$100,000
|
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A significant proportion of the potential range for roan,
sable and tsessebe lies within conservancies and additional
conservancies are likely to be created. A provision is made
to assist Conservancies with training in combatting illegal
hunting and development of monitoring systems for illegal
activity.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$20,000
|
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Elephants
It is proposed that a research experiment is carried out
in a limited locality where the effects of elephant on roan,
sable and tsessebe habitats are reduced by removing elephants.
The outcome would be compared with a 'control' area where
there is no elephant management. A contingent was included
in the Buffalo Management
Budget and it may be possible to combine the two experiments.
This project proposal would require detailed development and
the provision here is of a contingency nature on the assumption
that, over and above the provision made for buffalo, a similar
amount would be needed to cater for the additional aspects
of roan, sable and tsessebe.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$10,000
|
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Fire control
Detailed provisions were made in the Buffalo
Management Budget for improved fire control and fire monitoring
in the Caprivi. Making the same provision to cater for fire
control in the remainder of the potential range for roan,
sable and tsessebe -
|
Maintenance of 500km of firebreaks using
a grader capable of clearing 2km/hour at an operating
cost of US$100/hour
|
US$25,000
|
| Casual labour for fire-fighting, transport
and firebeaters |
US$10,000
|
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$35,000
|
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Monitoring the annual incidence of fire can be done using
the same satellite IMAGES acquired for land use monitoring.
A provision is needed for data capture and reporting which
entails one person's time for one week/year (US$1,000)
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$1,000
|
| Capital provision |
US$100,000
|
Initial preparation of 500km firebreaks using a bulldozer
capable of clearing 1km/hour at an operating cost of US$200/hour
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Veterinary Fences
A significant provision for liaison, coordination and collaboration
both with the Namibian Directorate of Veterinary Services
and the Botswana Department of Animal Health and Production
was made in the Buffalo
Management Budget and no additional provisions are required.
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Disease
A provision is included for routine veterinary checks in
the course of translocations and in the unlikely event that
an outbreak of disease (e.g. Anthrax) necessitates veterinary
measures to treat roan, sable and tsessebe.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$10,000
|
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Monitoring Sport Hunting
A small provision is needed to ensure that monitoring of
trophy ages is incorporated into all sport hunting operations.
This work should entail about 1 week per year of a research
officer's time, including travel, data collection and writing
up the results.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$1,000
|
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Monitoring Population Numbers
There is an overall requirement for monitoring numbers of
roan, sable and tsessebe wherever populations have been established.
It is not worth employing air survey methods for small groups
which have been newly established on commercial farms or conservancies
- for these, the better technique will be direct counts in
the course of intensive field work by the landholders. The
areas which require a standard sample transect air survey
are about half of the Caprivi (10,000km2), Khaudum (4,000km2)
and Nyae Nyae Conservancy (9,000km2) - rounding this up to
provide for new areas suggests that a total of about 25,000km2
should be surveyed annually. At a sampling intensity of 20%,
5,000km2 would require to be surveyed and, at a cost of US$7.75/km2
actually surveyed, the total cost would be US$38,750. The
cost includes the analysis of data and reporting.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$39,000
|
Provisions were made in the Buffalo
Management budget for air surveys every two years in the
Caprivi and a signficant part of this cost could be combined
with that provision. The cost could be further reduced by
using the funds to extend the Botswana Wildlife Department's
annual dry season survey into the above areas, subject to
their agreement.
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Capture and Translocation
It is difficult to predict the numbers of roan, sable and
tsessebe which may be captured and translocated annually.
Moreover, costs cannot be standardised because they will vary
with the size of groups and the distances to be transported.
Nevertheless, this is the cornerstone of the management strategy
and adequate funds to move animals are a pre-requisite for
its success. A notional provision has been made which would
be adequate to move 3 groups of 10 animals a distance of 100km.
|
Recurrent expenditure (annual)
|
US$30,000
|
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